OVERVIEW

Coal remains a foundational component of the United States’ energy and industrial system, with significant production concentrated in the Powder River Basin, Appalachian Basin, and Illinois Basin. Abundant domestic coal resources continue to support reliable energy supply, industrial activity, and regional economic development, while also offering strategic advantages in an increasingly competitive global resource environment. The Coal-to-products (C2P) expands the potential for coal utilization positioning it as a carbon-based feedstock for high-value materials, chemicals, and advanced manufacturing. In the current 2025-2026 policy environment, focused on energy security, domestic production, and resilient supply chains, C2P pathways provide a mechanism to strengthen the economic and strategic value of U.S. coal resources while supporting critical industries. This article examines the emerging coal-to-products landscape in the United States, including key technology pathways, commercial applications, regional opportunities, and the policy and market drivers shaping deployment.