James Knuckles, Ph.D., is a Senior Energy Access Consultant at the World Bank. For more than a decade, he has supported ESMAP and World Bank investments in mini-grids and off-grid electrification in more than a dozen countries. He is co-author and lead editor of the 2022 World Bank handbook on mini-grids, Mini Grids for Half a Billion People, and co-author of the 2014 World Bank book on small power producers, From the Bottom Up. He has also published in peer-reviewed journals his research on energy access business models, supply chains, subsidies, and lifecycle analyses. James began his career working for an innovation policy think tank in Washington, D.C., and has worked for a solar home system distributor in Haiti, an off-grid solar company, and startup social enterprises in California and Honduras. James has a Ph.D. in Management from City University of London, an MBA and a Master’s degree in International Environmental Policy from the Middlebury Institute of International Studies, and a Bachelor’s degree in mathematics and French from Bowdoin College. He lives with his family near Bologna, Italy.