CCC/232 ISBN 978-92-9029-552-5

February 2014

copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre

Abstract

In recent years, the considerable increase in the price of crude oil and natural gas and concerns about

their security of supply focused attention on whether fuel for power production and feedstocks for the

chemical industry could be obtained from the gasification of coal. The need to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions has enhanced the prospects of power generation from Integrated Gasification Combined

CCC/230 ISBN 978-92-9029-550-1

December 2013

copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre

Abstract

There are many items to include when considering the sustainability of biomass for cofiring, and some

of them are hard to quantify. The focus of this report is on the greenhouse gas emission aspects of

sustainability. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions achieved by substituting biomass for coal

depends on a number of factors such as the nature of the fossil fuel reference system, the source of the

CCC/228 ISBN 978-92-9029-548-8

December 2013

copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre

Abstract

Increasing demand for coal in Asia is stimulating interest in the potentially large coal resources in

Southern African countries such as Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia. These

countries have been slow to utilise their coal as local demand has been limited and the means to

export coal has been inadequate. The governments in these regions are now recognising coal as a

CCC/226 ISBN 978-92-9029-546-4

October 2013

copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre

Abstract

In the last ten years circulating fluidised bed combustion (CFBC) has emerged as a viable alternative

to pulverised coal combustion (PCC) for utility-scale coal power generation, with widespread

deployment of 300 MW boilers and the successful demonstration of supercritical units of up to

600 MW. Although CFBC offers a greater degree of fuel flexibility and does not usually require