CCC/185 ISBN 978-92-9029-505-1
August 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Coal is prepared to meet end-user requirements such as limits on the proportion of fine coal and ash
forming minerals in the product. Preparation methods leave residues of fine material which can have a
wide range of compositions from a good coal product to very high ash, surface moisture and sulphur
contents. Regardless of composition, at the time of generation of these residues no market for them
existed and so large amounts (estimated as about 58 Gt) have been deposited around the world in
heaps or in slurry impoundments. Changes to the value of coal and developments in coal preparation
and utilisation technologies have enabled increasing amounts of these materials to be recovered and
used. The report provides an overview of the resource and opportunities for utilisation.
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