Consensus Program Reports
These publications highlight emerging technologies, policy developments, and cross-sector collaboration driving progress in clean fossil energy systems. From Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) deployment and subsurface storage to critical materials recovery, the studies showcase innovative pathways toward a more affordable, reliable, and secure energy future.
Featured Publication
CO₂ Pipelines: The Backbone of America’s Carbon Capture Network
Carbon capture and storage in the United States is rapidly shifting from concept to large-scale deployment, and a modern CO₂ pipeline network is emerging as the essential backbone of this transition. With strong federal incentives, rising commercial interest, and major safety upgrades proposed by PHMSA, the nation is poised for the ten- to twenty-fold pipeline expansion needed to meet its climate and industrial goals. While permitting, financing, and community engagement remain challenges, a coordinated national network can unlock billions in investment, strengthen U.S. competitiveness, and deliver long-term benefits for industry, workers, and communities.
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Policy, Regulation, and Permitting
Key reports on the U.S. policy and regulatory environment shaping CCUS development. These resources cover Class VI permitting, state primacy, and fiscal mechanisms that enable safe and responsible CO₂ storage.
U.S. Class VI Permitting and State Primacy
September 2025
CCUS Deployment, Infrastructure, and Storage
Publications exploring the expansion of CO₂ transport and storage networks in the U.S. and abroad. Topics include de-risking storage, optimizing infrastructure, and applying global lessons to large-scale carbon infrastructure.
CO₂ Storage and Pipeline Infrastructure in the U.S.
November 2023
De-Risking CCS
November 2022
Carbon Capture and Removal Technologies
An overview of capture and removal innovations — from point-source systems to direct air capture and waste-to-energy with CCUS. These studies assess performance, integration potential, and life-cycle impacts.
Subsurface Energy and Storage Synergies
Research highlighting how CCUS aligns with geothermal energy, hydrogen storage, and thermal storage technologies. Together, these approaches unlock new subsurface opportunities for clean energy systems.
Critical Materials and Resource Recovery
Studies focused on securing critical materials for developing an economically sustainable and secure domestic supply chain.
Technology and Policy Briefs - Coal
This USEA article series examines the evolving role of coal in the United States’ energy, industrial, and supply-chain landscape. Covering major U.S. regions including the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, Southwest, and West, the series assesses coal’s continued contribution to grid reliability, fuel security, industrial competitiveness, and regional economic resilience. It also explores emerging pathways beyond traditional power generation, including critical mineral recovery, rare earth elements, coal ash utilization, advanced carbon materials, and coal-to-products technologies. Together, the articles frame coal not only as a legacy energy resource, but as a strategic domestic asset relevant to reliability planning, advanced manufacturing, infrastructure, national security, and the future of U.S. energy and industrial policy.
Coal & Critical Minerals: Unlocking Rare earth Elements from U.S. Coal Resources
Published: March 2026
Coal to Products (c2p): expanding the U.S. Coal value chain beyond combustion
Published: March 2026
Coal in the U.S. southwest: from legacy power generation to strategic carbon based materials, minerals, and industrial resilience
Published: April 2026
Coal in the Western united states: federal resources, grid reliability, and strategic energy security
Published: April 2026
Coal in the midwestern united states: baseload strength, industrial integration, and reliability
Published: February 2026
Coal in the northeast united states: legacy infrastructure, grid reliability, and emerging industrial pathways
Published: February 2026
Coal in the u.s. southeast: reliability anchor and emerging platform for carbon and critical minerals
Published: February 2026
Expanding U.S. Coal Exports and Strengthening Global Market Positioning
Published: May 2026
Modernizing the U.S. Coal Fleet: extending plant life through retrofits, digitalization, and efficiency upgrades
Published: April 2026
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